The Cosmic Budget The universe has a total energy "budget" that adds up to 1 (or 100%). These equations describe how it's divided — and how it moves.
Total energy budget
Ω_total = Ω_m + Ω_Λ ≈ 1
Dark energy share
Ω_Λ ≈ 0.68
Dark matter share
Ω_dm ≈ 0.27
Baryonic matter share
Ω_b ≈ 0.05
Hubble parameter
H(t) = ȧ/a
Hubble's Law
v = H₀ · d
Vacuum energy density
ρ_Λ = Λc²/8πG
95% of the universe is invisible to us. The math describes it — but we still don't know what it's made of.
Toggle layers on or off
to explore each component
DARK MATTER
DARK ENERGY
BARYONIC
EXPANSION
COSMIC WEB
↔ Space is expanding
The arrows show galaxies moving apart — not through space, but because space itself is stretching.
Tap to learn more ▾
Dark Matter
▾
Invisible — no light, no radio waves, nothing. But we know it's there because galaxies spin faster than visible matter alone can explain. It makes up ~27% of everything.
Dark Energy
▾
The universe isn't just expanding — it's speeding up. Something is pushing space apart faster and faster. We call it dark energy. Nobody knows what it is. ~68% of everything.
Baryonic Matter
▾
Stars, planets, gas, dust, you. Everything you've ever seen. All of it adds up to only 5% of the universe.
Expansion
▾
Galaxies aren't flying through space — space itself is growing. Like dots on an inflating balloon: every dot moves away from every other dot.
Cosmic Web
▾
Dark matter forms invisible filaments across the universe. Galaxies cluster along them like beads on a string. The voids between are almost empty.